VOWELS
- a – A low central unrounded short vowel
- ā – A low central unrounded long vowel
- i – A high front unrounded short vowel
- ī – A high front unrounded long vowel
- u – A high back rounded short vowel
- ū – A high back rounded long vowel
- ụ – A high central unrounded short vowel
- ụụ – A high central unrounded short vowel
- e – A mid front unrounded short vowel
- ē – A mid front unrounded long vowel
- è – A low front unrounded short vowel
- é – A low front unrounded long vowel
- o – A mid back rounded short vowel
- ō – A mid back rounded long vowel
CONSONANTS
- p – A bilabial voiceless stop
- b – A bilabial voiced stop
- t – A dental voiceless stop
- d – A dental voiced stop
- ṭ – A retroflex voiceless stop
- ḍ – A retroflex voiced stop
- c – A palatal voiceless affricate
- j – A palatal voiced affricate
- k – A velar voiceless stop
- g – A velar voiced stop
- m – A bilabial nasal
- n – A dental nasal
- ṇ – A retroflex nasal
- ñ – A palatal nasal
- ṅ – A velar nasal
- v – A labio-dental semi-vowel
- l – An alveolar lateral
- ḷ – A retroflex lateral.
- ḻ – A retroflex Central
- y – A palatal semi-vowel
- r – An alveolar tap
- ṟ – an alveolar trill
- s – An alveolar voiceless sibilant
- ṣ – A retroflex voicelss sibilant
- ś – A palatal voiceless sibilant
- h – glottal fricative
- f – fricative labial.